The european asphalt study tour 1 which took place in the fall of 1990, found some technologies which had the potential to be transferred the united states. Practice for superpave volumetric design for asphalt mixtures. Evaluation of stone matrix asphalt mixtures containing. Laboratory performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures. They does have stone to stone contact, but it often means the larger grains essentially float in a matrix composed of smaller particles, filler and asphalt content. Abstract stone matrix asphalt sma is a gapgraded bituminous mixture which can be used in surface layer of high volume pavements. Stone matrix asphalt sma 1 1 1st international conference on stone matrix asphalt sma atlanta, georgia november 6th. India, being an agricultural economy produces fairly huge quantity of natural fibres such as coconut, sisal, banana etc. The stone matrix asphalt sma experimental feature on sh119, from sh52 east to longmont, is the colorado department of transportations cdotls first attempt under contract to construct test sections for evaluation. Estimation of asphalt concrete fatigue curvesa damage theory approach. Pdf introduction of stone matrix asphalt to australian. Campbell, c 1999, the use of stone mastic asphalt on aircraft pavements, submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for sen7 researchprofessional practice projects, school of engineering and.
Theory and practice of asphalt concrete mix for pavements, including specifications and construction methods for hotmix asphalt and surface treatments. The smadesign concept relies on stone on stone contact to provide strength and a rich mortar binder to provide durability. Rap recycled asphalt pavement sma stone matrix asphalt st standard type asphalt mixtures superpave superior performing asphalt pavement tsr tensile strength ratio uhma ultra thin hot mix asphalt vfa voids filled with asphalt vma voids in mineral aggregate wma warm mix asphalt uwma ultra thin warm mix asphalt. Stone matrix asphalt sma and open graded asphalt oga. The theory is that the coarse aggregate in the dryrodded condition, witho. Stone matrix asphalt sma is a tough, stable, rutresistant mixture. The voids are primarily controlled by asphalt content, compactiveeffort during construction. Highway agencies have been using increasing amounts of reclaimed and recycled materials over the past number of years, as asphalt prices have continued to rise. Stone matrix asphalt sma, also called stone mastic asphalt, is a durable and rutresistant asphalt mixture that relies on stone on stone contact to offer strength and a rich mortar binder to provide durability hughes 1999.
It is not a complete procedure and should not be used to perform the test. Pavement materials, structures, and performance proceedings. Gsp 239 contains 42 technical papers which focus on paving material characterization and modeling, pavement evaluation, analysis, and construction, and pavement base and subgrade. These objectives are usually achieved with a gapgraded aggregate coupled with fiber andor polymermodified, high asphalt content matrix. It is made up of a mixture of crushed coarse and fine aggregates, mineral filler, asphalt cement and a stabilizer for the binder, such as polymer or fibres. Performance evaluation of stone matrix asphalt using indonesian. Test method analysis for different types of fillers used in the sma mix through. These objectives are usually achieved with a gapgraded aggregate coupled with fiber or polymer modified, and high asphalt content matrix. The mixture has higher concentrations of coarse aggregates, providing strength and rut resistance to the mixture, and higher asphalt content giving durability. Moore introduction background stone matrix asphalt sma has been used for over a decade in the united states as a premium asphalt mixture to resist rutting and cracking on many heavy traffic roadways. Summary of georgias experience with stone matrix asphalt. Stone matrix asphalt sma is a hot mixture asphalt that was developed in germany in the late sixties. Introduction sma shows good protective to against deformation and rutting caused by heavy truck traffic at high temperatures.
Tensile strength of stone matrix asphalt sma is important in pavement applications, because of the problems associated with fatigue cracking. Stone matrix asphalt pavement is hot mix asphalt consisting of two parts a coarse aggregate skeleton and a binder rich mortar. Laboratory study on draindown of asphalt cement in stone. Standard method of test for determining dynamic modulus of hotmix asphalt concrete mixtures.
The stone matrix asphalt sma mixture is a gapgraded mix which is categorized by elevated coarse aggregate content, high asphalt contents and fiber additives as stabilizers. The time is right for a comprehensive resource that collects, examines, and organizes this information and makes it easily accessible. Performance of stone mastic asphalt mixtures fabricated by. This paper details the performance evaluation of two different cellulose fibres used in sma14 mix. The verticalvibration test sample was fabricated by vvt equipment vvte. The depth of tracking was recorded at the midpoint of the sample length. Study of stone matrix asphalt for the flexible pavement. Proceedings of the geoshanghai 2014 international conference, held in shanghai, china, may 2628, 2014. Idea of voids in drycompacted filler library builder. Design of perpetual pavement long lasting pavement is something which is gaining importance with the increasing traffic demands worldwide. Theory and practice comments asphalt mixtures are construction products and the standards en 1081 to 1087 are harmonized with the construction products directive 89106eec. Experimental investigation of stone matrix asphalt mixtures. Compaction theory and best practices 2017 idaho asphalt conference moscow idaho october 26, 2017 dave johonson, p.
However, binder draindown is a problem for sma mixtures, due to its intentional high binder content. Dynamic properties and fatigue life of stone mastic asphalt. Mastic asphalt national asphalt pavement association. Tensile strength characteristics of stone matrix asphalt with. Pdf introduction of stone matrix asphalt to australian runways. Dynamic modulus test was performed using the asphalt mixture. For the reasons of economic and environmental sustainability, it should gain acceptability in india too. Theory and practice kindle edition by blazejowski, krzysztof. Apr 19, 2016 in the years since the development and subsequent success of stone matrix asphalt sma, a plethora of articles have emerged, scattered throughout various publications. Draindown of asphalt cement was found to be affected significantly by type of filler, the percentage passing the 4. Performance evaluation of stone matrix asphalt using. Tensile strength characteristics of stone matrix asphalt. The sma design is based on the volumetric properties of the sma in terms of air voids va, the voids in mineral aggregate vma, and the presence of stone on stone contact. Sma was originally developed in germany in the 1960s to combat studded tires 1.
The 6417 pdf created with pdffactory pro trial version. Stone matrix asphalt sma is a gapgraded hot mixture that max imizes the binder and coarse aggregate contents. Asphalt pavement laboratory rapl via advanced infrastructure and design aid performance testing on cores will determine the following volumetric and mechanical properties, bulk specific gravity and air voids, permeability, fatigue cracking, rutting resistance and moisture sensitivity. The results show that the stiffness modulus of reinforced sma samples. Laboratory performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures with. Stone matrix asphalt stonematrix asphalt sma is a gapgraded asphalt pavement designed to improve rut resistance and durability through the use of a stable stone on stone skeleton held together by a rich mixture of asphalt cement, along with stabilizing agents such as fibers andor asphalt modifiers. The theory is that the coarse aggregate in the dryrodded condition, without any fine. Compaction of asphalt pavement, 1989 the amount of air voids in an asphalt mixture is probably the single most important factor that affects performancethroughout the life of an asphalt pavement. The coarse aggregate particles are held together by a rich matrix of mineral filler, fiber, and polymer in a thick asphalt film. Stone matrix asphalt sma, polymers, binder, vg30, stability test, drain down test. Evaluation of stonematrix asphalt mixtures containing.
The following description is a brief summary of the test. This specification covers the design of stone matrix asphalt sma using the superpave gyratory compactor sgc. Forensic testing of stone matrix asphalt rubber material. Stone mastic asphalt sma is a gapgraded asphalt mixture that depends on the stone to stone contact to provide its load carrying capacity against rutting.
Performance evaluation of stone mastic asphalt and hot mix. Demonstration of the placement of stone matrix asphalt in. Utilization of the sma mix in indonesia has constraints in gain stabilizer and also difficulty to comply the gradations, mainly because it needs a relatively large amount of filler. Indirect tensile stiffness modulus test was conducted at temperatures of 5, 25, and 40c. If the asphalt content is excessive it will tend to push the aggregate apart and prevent stone on stone contact. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The original schellenbergs method and other techniques according to aashto and en 1269718 standards are also described there. Pdf use of stone matrix asphalt in perpetual pavement. Nov 03, 2010 the time is right for a comprehensive resource that collects, examines, and organizes this information and makes it easily accessible. Summary of georgias experience with stone matrix asphalt mixes.
Ncat report 1803 performance and lifecycle cost benefits of. The performance tests on the mix with 6% rca showed comparable resilient modulus and. Aashto m 325 standard specification for stone matrix. Theory and practice describes sma, from its origin through implementation. The stone matrix design remained durable due to high film thickness and high polymer. Mar 19, 2016 the time is right for a comprehensive resource that collects, examines, and organizes this information and makes it easily accessible. Various methods for testing the tendency for binder to draindown in a particular sma are presented in chapter 8. Laboratory evaluation of the performance of stone mastic asphalt. If the content the asphalt handbook pdf not found or blank. Sma has found use in europe, australia, the united states, and canada as a durable asphalt surfacing option for residential streets. A compilation and distillation of the latest knowledge available, stone matrix asphalt.
Due to stone on stone make contact and presence of high filler content, it acts as a stiff matrix and is best suitable for high volume. The high asphalt content produces a mixture that is easily compacted and that should be durable. The stone matrix design, with stone on stone contact, also resulted in a high stability pavement which resists rutting of the mixture after initial compaction, as proven by the low hamburg results of 2. Study of stone matrix asphaltsmausing different fillers. Theory and practice describes sma, from its origin through implementation, and explores various methods and design approaches. Tensile stresses are measured indirectly by a splitting tensile test. This excludes nondense graded mixtures such as stone matrix asphalt sma, which typically has 10 to 14% passing the no. In this study, sma and hma mixtures were compacted by using roller. It provides a deformationresistant, durable surfacing material, suitable for heavily trafficked roads.
The stability of the mix is primarily controlled by the cohesion and internal friction of the matrix which supports the coarse aggregates. Detailing the requirements and materials for the mix, including asphalt binder, aggregates, and stabilizers, the book covers standard and alternative design methods and their execution, as well as best practices and production processes. Asphalt surfacing differs by the proportion of different size aggregate, the amount of bitumen added and the presence of other additives and material. Sma mixtures have high proportions of coarse aggregate, binder, and mineral filler, and low proportions of middlesize aggregates compared with densegraded mixtures. Effect of coarse aggregate content on stone matrix asphalt. Sma was introduced into the united states in the early 1990s. Theory and practice describes sma, from its origin through. Utilization of the sma mix in indonesia has constraints in gain stabilizer and also difficulty to. A similar test, which is an indirect usage of the rigden voids concept, is the german filler test. Sep 01, 2016 one type of road pavement material which is developed to be more resistant to permanent deformation is the sma stone matrix asphalt. Thank you to all of the viewers of the 2012 sma recording.
Since the original recording has surpassed 1,000 views, this 2020 update provides a refreshed ver. Stone matrix asphalt written by krzysztof blazejowski and has been published by crc press this book supported file pdf. Aashto r 4608, standard practice for designing stone matrix asphalt sma aashto t30199, elastic recovery test of bituminous material by means of a ductilometer aashto t30599, determination of draindown characteristics in uncompacted asphalt mixtures astm d204209, standard test method for solubility of asphalt materials in trichloroethylene. Stone mastic asphalt sma, also called stone matrix asphalt, was developed in germany in the 1960s with the first sma pavements being placed in 1968 near kiel. One of the more promising was a surface mix, stone matrix asphalt sma. Sma has been utilized in other european countries for more than two decades to provide higher rutting resistance as well as studded tyre wear. Stone matrix asphalt sma is a tough, stable, rut resistant mixture that relies on stone to stone contract for its strength and a rich mortar binder for its durability. Stone mastic asphalt seminar report, ppt, pdf for civil. Stone matrix asphalt sma has proven to be a rutresistant and. The aim of this is to study the effect of different fillers on sma mix design. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading stone matrix asphalt. Senior regional engineer asphalt institute understanding the importance of density idaho asphalt conference 1 more emphasis must be placed on. Laboratory evaluation of stone mastic asphalt containing. Design methods for hotmixes asphalt hma and stone matrix asphalt sma.
Theoretical maximum density tmd, also called rice density the theoretical maximum density of an hma if it contained zero air voids. An asphalt content that produces 34 percent air voids in laboratory compacted samples is desirable. Theory and practice in the years since the development and subsequent success of stone matrix asphalt sma, a plethora of articles have emerged, scattered. Stone matrix asphalt sma is a tough, stable, rutresistant mixture that relies on stone on stone contact to provide strength and a rich mortar binder to provide durability 1. Stone matrix asphalt sma is a gapgraded mix which contains a high concentration of coarse aggregate, thereby maximizing stone to stone contact in the mix and providing an efficient network for load distribution.
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